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Definition of jaundice
It is a clinical condition described by yellow discolouration of skin, sclera and mucous membrane due to increase serum bilirubin more than 3mg/dl.
Type of Jaundice
- Prehepatic / hemolytic jaundice
- Hepatic /hepatocellular jaundice
- Post hepatic/obstructive jaundice
Prehepatic or hemolytic jaundice occurs due to breakdown of Red Blood Cell and hepatic uptake of bilirubin or impaired bilirubin conjugation.
- Hemolytic anaemia
- Thalassaemia
- Pernicious anaemia
- Gilbert syndrome
- Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
- Neonatal jaundice
- Drug induced- Rifampicine
Hepatic or hepatocellular jaundice :
- Viral Hepatitis due to viral infection such as Hepatitis A virus
- Hepatitis B virus
- Hepatitis C virus
- Hepatitis D virus
- Hepatitis E virus
- Epstein Bar virus
- Cytomegalo virus
- Dengue virus etc
- Drug induced- Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, phenothiazines
- Wilson’s disease
- Hemochromatosis
- Dubin johnson syndrome
- Rotor syndrome
Obstructive or post hepatic jaundice : this type of jaundice occurs due to obstruction of normal bilirubin pathway.
- Carcinoma of head of pancreas
- Stone in bile duct or choledocolithiasis
- Cholangiocarcinoma
- Periampulary carcinoma
- Alcoholic hepatitis
- Pregnancy
- Biliary atresia
- Worm in Bile duct
- Sclerosing cholangitis
- Biliary cirrhosis
Congenital hyperbilirubinaemia(non haemolytic)
- Gilbert’s syndrome
- Crigler najjar syndrome
- Dubin jhonson syndrome
- Rotor’s syndrome
Sign and symptoms of Jaundice and important point for diagnosis of jaundice
- Yellow coloration of eye(sclera), skin, tongue, palm and sole
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Anorexia
- Yellowish, pale or dark color stool
- Yellow color urine
- Itching in Obstructive jaundice
- Consanguinity marriage (genetic jaundice)
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Abdominal pain and deferential diagnosis of abdominal pain
Breathlessness or Breathing difficulty or dyspnea and management of breathlessness
Menstrual disorder or irregular period : Menorrhagia, Metrorrhagia, Hypomenorrhea, Polymenorrhea, Oligomenorrhea and Dysmenorrhea.
